APPENDIX 7
205
El -5 depend on the law concerning trees (see W. Linnard, Trees in the Law
of Hywel, 1979). The main point concerning bees is given in E3 to v/hich one
may compare BB §§46-49. The Welsh lawyer treats the finder of the bees less
generously than does BB.
In E6-9 the treatment of bees which kill a man is modelled on the law of
gal-anas (feud). This precise point is not directly covered by BB though §35 may
give some clue as to the line it would have taken. The doctrine of the E tract is
not entirely clear itself, for there appear to be two different lines taken in E6
and E9: in E6 the bees are killed and their honey given in compensation; in E9,
however, the swarm is given in compensation. Presumably E6 refers only to
bees which are not swarming while E9 refers specifically to a swarm. E6 may be
compared to BB §29 which also provides for payment of honey in compensation.
E9 may be compared to BB §30 where a hive is given for blinding. There remains,
however, a certain awkwardness about the relationship between E6 and E9. In
the latter the swarm is treated as a llourud ‘ red hand ’, namely the person
responsible for a killing (or, in other circumstances, for some other offences)
as opposed to anyone who has merely aided him in his homicide. The normal
consequence of llofruddiaeth, however, is either compensation or a revengekilling of the llofrudd. In E6 both are combined, but in E9 the swarm is handed
over quasi llourud. Yet a llofrudd was not handed over in normal cases of
homicide. There is a bare reference to the possibility of such a procedure in Red.
B (LTWL 258.26-27), but no more. In other early legal systems a homicide was
only likely to be handed over if he was of servile status (e.g. Ine, 74. 1 ; Liebermann
Die Gesetze der Angelsachsen i 120). It may well be that some such practice lies
behind E9. In any event we have here, just as in BB , an attempt to model rules
about bees upon some more familiar part of the law. The real reason why a
swarm should be handed over was that it was an obvious solution since the
ownership of the swarm might, in any case, be in dispute.
In El 0-1 3 we have none of those distinctions between parts of trees and
owners of trees which so interested the author of BB. Yet, if we leave aside for a
moment the complexities covered in BB but ignored by the E tract, the solution
is remarkably similar. According to E10 the owner of the tree may retain
possession for a year and a day at the most, but the honey is to be divided equally
between them. Any secondary swarms belong to the original owner of the bees
(Ell): to use the terminology of BB, he remains fer in bunaid. In effect, the claims
of the owner of the tree are restricted to a share of the honey, as is the case in
BB unless the bees have settled in the crann n-uasalnemid (§36). His half share is,
however, more generous than any prescribed by BB (§§41, 42). The concentration
on the value of swarms in the main texts indicated their economic importance,
whereas BB suggests precisely the same conclusion by its rules as to sharing
swarms and their honey; so here too the interest in swarms is evident and the
solutions to legal problems are at least comparable.
INDEX OF IRISH WORDS
We provide here an index of legal and beekeeping terms and of words
(excluding proper names) discussed in the Notes. The numbers refer to the
paragraphs of the text. We indicate the main discussion of a word or phrase
by italicizing the paragraph number. In some cases where a word is discussed
more than once, two or three paragraph numbers are italicized.
Most of the words in this index are from the 7th century text of Bechbretha,
but we also include some words and phrases from glosses and commentary to
the text. The majority of these are from the B glosses, probably composed in
the 9th century (see Introd. pp. 8-10). As well, we include some terms from other
Old Irish legal material relating to beekeeping (Appendices 5 and 6).
In this index the gender of substantives is given where known. Verbal forms
are in the 3rd person singular of the present indicative unless otherwise stated.
Conjunct and prototonic forms are indicated by the prefixing of a hyphen.
Initial h- before vowels is ignored in the arranging of the head-words. * indicates
that a word is not reliably attested.
a his, her, its, their omission of possessive in bes tech torad 20, fer batar beich 33.
acht except as prep, with nom. 25, 39; with nom. or acc. 15, 42; with
acc. 16, 38, 49.
age m. prop, pillar in phrase age fine head of kin gen. sg. agi 49.
ai ? 6, 25.
airlim n. leaping-trespass nom. sg. App. 5 (b); dat. pi. airlimenna[ib] (ibid.),
airthech n. vicarious oath acc. sg. 34, 45.
aithgein n. restitution App. 5 (b).
-aithgenatar : see ath-gainethar.
alid is entitled to, entails 2, 12, 30, 41, 42, 46, alith 10, -aili 16; rel. ailes 19, 29.
allabrig ? 6, 25.
amser f. time nom. sg. 16, 16; dat. sg. amsir (am MS) 27; dat. pi. aimseraib 4.
annsae difficult superl. annsam 7 and App. 6 (c).
annrecht m. wrong, illegality 28.
anrechtaig ? 39, 40 (H only). See note to na dim nemed 39.
ardd high in cpd. arddnemed 42. See nemed.
ar-fogni ministers to, serves pres. subj. rel. ara-fogna (?) 40.
ar-ling commits ‘ leaping-trespass ’ 3 pi. -airlengat App. 5 (b); vb. n. airlim q.v.
arm n. weapon gen. sg. in phrase fer airm deirg a man of blood-stained weapon 39.
ar-tet goes in compensation for, compensates for, is liable for 29, 30, 34.
as-lui escapes, absconds 39, 39; 3 pi. -elat 43, 44; 3 pi. perfective pres. subj.
-erlat 23, 23; 3 sg. perf. as-rulai 45; 3 sg. imperf. as-luat[h] 40a (B gloss),
assae easy, convenient cpv. asu 26, 36, 36, 36, 39.
athgabal f. distraint App. 6 (a), (d).
ath-gainethar is re-born, is restored 3 pi. pres. subj. -aithgenatar 5, 6.
audacht m. testament nom. sg. 49.
aurgnam m. care, preparation (vb. n. of ar-fogni) dat. sg. App. 5 (f).
autsad n. storehouse, treasury acc. sg. 42; gen. sg. autsada 42g (B gloss).
barr m. branches of tree acc. sg. 39, 41; gen. sg. bairr 42; in dvandva cpd.
barr-bunad 12; barr-bunaid 7 7, 12.
bech m. honeybee nom. sg. 8; nom. pi. beich (normally bech MS) 5, 17, 23, 31, 33,
36, 39, 39, 41, 44, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54; acc. pi. bechu 23; gen. pi. 31, 47, 48,
49; dat. pi. bechaib 1; in cpd. bechbretha 55, bechbrethaib 18, 18, 27, 36;
in cpd. bechdin bee-shelter Introd. p. 44.
INDEX OF IRISH WORDS
207
beirid carries, bears, takes -beir 22; rel. beres 20, 21 ; pi. pass, bertir 3; 3 sg. pret.
pass. rel. brethae 33; 3 sg. perfective pres. subj. ro-ucca 24\ 3 sg. perfective
past subj. ro-uccad 50; 3 sg. perf. pass, -rucad 31 .
ben a id stings (of bee ) perf. ro-bi 29.
bes m. custom dat. pi. besaib 14.
*blath f. flour (?) gen. sg. blaithe App. 6 (e). See discussion on App. 6.
brat m. cloth in phrase brat scarthae spread cloth 39, 41.
breth f. judgment nom. sg. 31, 33; breth barr-bunaid 12; nom. pi. bretha 3,
bretha barr-bunaid 11, bretha bairr -] maigne 42, bechbretha 55; gen. pi.
fidbreth 14; dat. pi. bechbrethaib 18, 18, 27, 36.
brithem m . judge, jurist dat. pi. brithemnaib 36.
bun m. base in cpd. bun-epe base-cutting 16.
bunad n. base, origin nom. sg. 17, 44, barr-bunad 12; gen. sg. bunaid 37, 38,
barr-bunaid 7 7, 12.
bunadach original 37, 41, 43. See note to barr-bunaid 1 1 .
caech one-eyed dat. sg. masc. 31 .
caechaid blinds in one eye 3 sg. perfective pres. subj. rel. ro-chaecha 30, 3 pi.
pret. rel. caechsite 31.
cain (cani) neg. interrog. cain dimet? 39.
cain f. law, rule dat. sg. 6, 39; acc. sg. (?) 25.
caithig (cathach etc.) f. trespass-penalty nom. sg. App. 5 (d), (e); nom. du. (d);
nom. pi. caithchi (a); acc. pi. (c). See third note to 24 and discussion on
App. 5.
cele m. neighbour gen. sg. celi 44.
ces (ceis) f. bee-hive (A glosses etc.) nom. sg. ces 34a, 34b, ceis 30d, App. 1 (h),
App. 4 (c), cis App. 2 (k); dat. sg. cesaig App. 1 (h), cis App. 2 (k); nom. pi.
cesa 50d, App. 1 (h), App. 2 (k); gen. pi. ces 28c; dat. pi. ceascaib 30b. See
Introd. p. 44.
cethardoit f. (?) group of four 3, 6, 9.
cetsaithe : see saithe.
-ch- and enclitic connective ba-ch 32, ro-ch-lamethar 44, na-ch laimethar 45,
ro-ch-fintar 54.
ciapa in phrase ciapa meit ciapa laget however great or small 2.
cin m. (earlier n.?) offence acc. sg. cin 33, cinaid 3, 29, 34; acc. pi. cinta 31 ; dat.
sg. ar chin a mbel App. 6 (b).
clocc m. bell gen. sg. cluicc 46.
cobdail (cobodail) f. division nom. pi. cobdaili 11; dat. pi. cobdailib 10, 10.
cocenel of equal rank gen. sg. masc. coceniuil 15.
cocrann n. lot-casting nom. sg. 34e (B gloss); acc. sg. 30.
coibne f. kinship , equivalence dat. sg. coibni 54.
coillid removes honey from a hive 3 pi. pres. ind. pass -coillter App. 5 (e).
coir right, lawful 40, 44; as subst. n. (?) 39.
cole f. bee-sting gen. sg. cailce 29e (B gloss),
collud m. removing honey from a hive dat. sg. 27.
comaithech m. neighbour gen. sg. comaithich 45, comaithig App. 5 (h); acc. pi.
comaithchiu (b), (g).
comdire n. equal penalty predic. gen. sg. comdiri 16, 51 ; dat. sg. comdiriu 50, 53.
comoccus equally near 45; nom. pi. fern, comoicsi 27.
comrac m. encounter, legal confrontation App. 5 (e).
con-boing: see im-combuing.
con-fodlai divides 3 pi. pres. ind. con-fodlat 17, 44, 45; 3 sg. pres. ind. pass,
con-fodlaither 10, 13; vb. n. cobdail.
208
INDEX OF IRISH WORDS
con-geil grazes with, takes nectar with {of bees) 24d (B gloss),
con-oirg defeats 24.
cosc n. punishment, reparation gen. sg. cuisc(c) 6, 25; in phrase deoch cuisg
thirst-quenching (?) drink <5b (A gloss),
crann n. tree, lot nom. sg. 21 ; acc. sg. 36, 47; gen. sg. crainn 36.
criathar m. honey-comb dat. pi. criathraib 50c, 52b, 53b (A glosses),
cro m. enclosure (?) acc. sg. 12.
cumscuchud m. moving dat. sg. 27.
de of the two 21 .
dech best superl. of maith; bes tech 20.
deolaith (-aid) gratis acc. sg. masc. 19; as subst. n. gratuity nom. sg. deolaid 37,
41; acc. sg. deolaith 4, deolaid 9, 10; acc. pi. deolaithe 10a (B gloss),
-derbarthar : see do-opir.
derbfine f. ‘ true kin ’ (descendants through the male line of the same greatgrandfather) nom. sg. 11, 18, 18.
Dia m. God gen. sg. De 39, 40.
diles immune 49. Cf. ruidles 49.
dilse f. immunity nom. sg. App. 6 (h); acc. sg. dilsi 35. Cf. ruidilse 27.
dilsigithir forfeits 12.
dirann unshared land acc. sg. dirainn 48; dat. sg. 49.
dire n. penalty, fine nom. sg. lethdire 14, landire 52, 53; gen. sg. trian diri 16.
See also comdire.
di-ren pays 50, 54; pass, di-renar 14, 15, 35, 52, 53.
dligid is due, is entitled 37, 42; -dlig 24, 38; 3 pi. dlegait 4, 5, 9, -dlegat 6, 23;
3 sg. pres. ind. pass, dlegair 23, 25, -dlegar 25.
do-airgella gives a fore-pledge pass, doairgelltar App. 6 (g), doaircelltar (h);
vb. n. tairgellad App. 5 (b). Cf. tairgille.
do-airret reaches, comes to 39.
do-beir : see to-beir.
do-coislea: see to-coislea.
do-comlai emerges {in swarm) 3 pi. -tochumlat 27.
do-eim protects, shelters -dim 39, 40; 3 pi. -dimet 39.
do-etet tracks {a swarm of bees) 37, 41, 43; pass, do-etegar 42; pres. subj. do-eit
45; nom. pi. past participle tetechtai 36, 39, 41, 54.
do-lin abounds 3 pi. do-linat 34e. See note to fo-reccar 34.
do-opir defrauds 3 sg. perfective pres. subj. pass. -derba[r]thar 49.
do-sli earns, acquires 3 pi. perfective pres. subj. do-ruillet 49.
do-tuit falls pres. subj. -toth 30; 3 pi. perf. do-rochratar 35.
eclais f. church nom. sg. 49; gen. sg. ecailse 49.
ecmacht inaccessible country f. (?) acc. sg. 48; dat. sg. 49.
eludach m. absconder nom. sg. elodach 39; nom. pi. eludaig 39.
epe n. cutting in cpd. bun-epe base-cutting 16.
ericc f. payment dat. sg. 35a (B gloss).
ess away, out of it 3 sg. neut. of conjugated prep, a out of 25a (B gloss). See
Introd. p. 9.
etarbe n. boundary-ditch, boundary dat. pi. etarbib 1 5C (B gloss),
etechtae wrong, illegal 28.INDEX OF IRISH WORDS
209
faithche f. ‘ green in-ftcld nom. sg. 46 ; acc. sg. faithchi 48, 53; dat. sg. faithchi
46, 46, 47, 47, 52.
fiach m. fine, penalty acc. sg. 30.
fiadu m. witness dat. pi. fi'adnaib App. 6 (e), (f).
fid m. tree gen. sg. fedo 14, 15, 16; in cpd. fidbreth 14.
figid weaves pass, fegar 12c (B gloss).
fine f. kin-group nom. sg. 49; gelfine, iarfine, indfine 11 ; derbfine 11, 18, 18; gen.
sg. elodach fine 39, age fine 49.
fintiu f. kin-land nom. sg. 10, 18; dat. pi. fintedaib 11. See note to tir besda
nesam 2.
fir n. oath acc. sg. 29.
fiaith f. kingship dat. sg. 32; lord dat. sg. 491 (B gloss); gen. sg. flatha 491 (B gloss),
fochraicc f. payment nom. sg. App. 6 (g).
fo-co(i)slea removes, acquires 18, 54; 3 pi. pres. ind. pass, -foxlaiter 54; 3 sg.
perfective pres. subj. fo-roxla 52, 53. See note to foda-rothlae 50.
fo-fich damages , trespasses 3 pi. fo-fechat 3a (B gloss), App. 5 (c); 3 pi. perf.
-foruachtatar 34; 3 pi. perfective pres. subj. ma fo-ruasat (ma ruasasat MS)
38; vb. n. fogal q.v.
fo-gaib finds 46, 46, 47, 47, 48, 48, 49; pass, -fogbaither 46, 48, -fogabar 47.
fogal f. damage, injury nom. pi. fogla App. 6 (c); acc. pi. App. 1 (a),
fo-geil grazes, feeds on 3 pi. pres. ind. fogelad 10a (B gloss); 3 sg. pres. ind. pass,
fogelar 3d (B gloss).
fo-gella submits to judgment 3 pi. fo-gellat App. 5 (e).
fo-loing sustains 18, -fulaing 10; 3 pi. fo-longat 23.
*foma choice (?) 26.
forgall n. overriding testimony acc. sg. 44, 45.
fo-ricc finds pass, fo-reccar 34.
fortach n. oath fixing liability acc. sg. 34.
for-toing fixes liability by oath pass, fortongar App. 6 (d), (f).
fo-scoichi moves, shifts 3 pi. perfective pres. subj. mani-ro foiscet 42.
fo-tlen removes, steals 3 sg. perfective pres. subj. fo-rothlae 50, 52.
frith n. (?) estray, find 46, 48, 49.
gabal f. seizure dat. sg. gabail 27.
galar n. sickness gen. sg. mian ngalair 6', 25.
gataid steals 3 sg. perfective pres. subj. ro-gat(t)a 50, 53.
gelfine f. ‘ bright kin ’ (descendants through the male line of the same grandfather)
nom. sg. 11. See note to 18.
goire f. duty towards parents acc. sg. goiri 39.
grian n.(?) land gen. sg. griain 11, 18.
i nneoch ma : see neoch ma.
iarfine f. ‘ after-kin ’ (descendants through the male line of the same greatgreat-grandfather) nom. sg. 11.
iarsaithe m. ‘ after-swarm third swarm App. 4. (c).
imchomet m. guarding, looking after, keeping nom. sg. 37, 41 ; dat. sg. 23.
*im-combuing destroys pres. subj. im-comba(?) 14.
imdibe n. cutting around (of tree ) nom. sg. 17c (B gloss),
im-dich protects -imdich 54.
ind n. end, limit nom. sg. 8; acc. sg. 7; in cpd. indfine f. ‘ end-kin ’ (descendants
through the male line of the same great-great-great-grandfather) nom. sg. 1 1 .
210
INDEX OF IRISH WORDS
inderb uncertain in legal phrase brithemnus for inderb a judgment on an uncertain
thing 34e (B gloss),
in-etet follows 43.
in-otat enters 44, 45.
in-reith attacks 3 pi. perfective pres. subj. in-ruir[s]et 28.
inscuchud m. departure, move nom. sg. 25.
-laimethar : see ro-lamethar.
lanamain f. married couple, marriage gen. sg. cain lanamno 39.
les m. courtyard dat. sg. lius 50, 51.
lestar n. bee-hive nom. sg. 30; gen. sg. lestair 45; dat. sg. lestur 43. For forms
in B glosses see Introd. p. 44.
lestrae f. bee-hives (collective) acc. sg. lestrai 30.
lin n. complement, number da llino of both parties 14.
log n. value, earning nom. sg. log mbec 3d (B gloss), log autsada 42 s (B gloss);
acc. pi. loge 3; dat. pi. logib 4.
lu small in cpd. lu-chethrai 53.
lubgort m. garden dat. sg. with metathesis lugburt 50, 51.
luge n. oath acc. sg. 45. See note to nadid-lamethar 34.
mac m. son, secondary swarm App. 4 (c). See note to bliadain a sil 5.
maigen f. open land acc. sg. maigin 39, 41, 43; gen. sg. bretha bairr ~i maigne 42;
dat. sg. magin 54, 54.
niani unless irreg. form with copula manis 29e (B gloss),
mar great acc. sg. masc. 48; gen. sg. masc. 34.
membur n. member nom. pi. 49.
meraige m. fool used of third swarm 2/; with prosthetic s: smeraighe 21 c (A
gloss), App. 1 (b), App. 4 (c). See Introd. p. 47.
mian n. desire mian ngalair desire of [one in] sickness 6, 25.
mil f. honey dat. sg. 29. See also note to mian ngalair 6.
nach- nach laimethar 45.
nad- before infixed pron. nadid-lamethar 34.
nemed n. and m. dignitary, privilege, privileged land nom. sg. 15, 39, 40, 41 ; acc.
sg. a nnemed 41; arddnemed 42; gen. sg. nemid 36, 39, 41, uasalnemid 36;
dat. sg. nemud 37, 37; nom. pi. nemid 39; acc. pi. uasalneimthiu 52.
neoch ma if 38; i nneoch ma 40; neoch mani 42; i nneoch mad 48.
noch connective 8, 33, 36, 45, 49.
on : see suide.
orcun f. damage, grazing trespass nom. sg. orgain App. 6 (c); acc. sg. orgguin
38, gen. sg. oircne 7, 8, 40 (? or read ara-fogna H).
otha from, after prep, with nom., acc. or dat. (?) 7, 9, 29, 38.
re n. and f. period acc. sg. (or acc. pi.) na rre 23.
recht m. a legally recognised person, class of person dat. sg. 26.
rethid runs, rushes 3 pi. perfective pres. subj. (?) -ruir[s]et 27.
INDEX OF IRISH WORDS
21 1
ro-lamethar dares , ventures 44, -lamethar 34, -laimethar 45, pass, -laimther 45.
*ruud (rud MS) m. wood acc. sg. 48 ; dat. sg. 49.
ruidilse f. immunity dat. pi. ruidilsib 27. Cf. dilse.
ruidles immune 49. Cf. diles.
saithe m. swarm nom. sg. 44, 45, 45; acc. sg. 23, 43, 44; gen. sg. saithi 45; nom.
pi. saithi 23; gen. pi. saithe 11, 44; dat. pi. saithib 10; in cpd. cetsaithe
first swarm nom. sg. 19; acc. sg. 22; tarbsaithe second (lit. bull ) swarm 20b
(B gloss), App. 4 (c).
selb f. property, estate acc. sg. seilb 34e (B gloss); nom. pi. selba, selbu 34e (B
gloss). See note to fo-reccar 34.
seol n.(?) scarcity, dearth gen. sg. seoil 5.
set m. article of value acc. pi. seotu 51. See first note to 50.
set m. path dat. pi. setaib 39.
side : see suide.
sil n. seed, progeny gen. sg. 5; dat. sg. saithe do sil bech App. 6 (g).
smacht m. fine nom. sg. App. 6 (h); acc. sg. App. 5 (b); nom. pi. smachta 26 ;
acc. pi. smachtu 7, 24, 38.
snuad ? gen. sg. snuaid 72.
*snuaidid damages (?) 3 sg. perfective pres. subj. pass, arna rossnuaidter 12c
(B gloss).
sochaide f. multitude nom. sg. 34; acc. sg. sochaidi 24.
soeraid ennobles, increases rel. soeras 75.
so’id turns 25.
soire f. freedom , immunity, dignity gen. sg. 4, 5, 6, 7, 25; dat. sg. soiri 14.
somoine f. profit acc. sg. somolni 23.
sonnach m. palisade acc. sg. 39d (B gloss).
sorche n. (?) brightness gen. sg. 23.
son : see suide.
sosad m. abode, bee-hive acc. pi. sostu 27.
suide that person or thing, the latter anaphoric pron. dat. sg. suidiu 11, 29, 30,
34, 41, 49; enclitic masc. sg. side 2, 12, 29 (sid MS), 40, 49, 50 (se MS), sede 54;
fern. sg. ede (sede MS) 18, ’de 20, aide 24, ede(sed MS) 29; neut. sg. on 19,
son 42, 52; masc. pi. sidi (seide MS) 4.
suidigithir settles trans. and intrans. -suidigethar 44, 45; pi. -suidigetar 37, 43,
43, 54; pass. sg. rel. suidigther 42; pf. pass. sg. ro-suidiged 11, 14, 52, 53;
pi. ro-suidigthea 50, 55.
taid m. thief in cpd. taidchu thieving dog 39.
taide f. theft gen. sg. taide 39; dat. sg. taidi 54. See note to foda-rothlae 50.
tairdbe n. lopping, branch-cutting nom. sg. 75, 16; acc. sg. 16; dat. sg. tairdbiu
(-be MS) 15.
tairgellad m. fore-pledging nom. sg. App. 5 (b); vb. n. of do-airgella.
tairgille n. fore-pledge nom. sg. 7, 26, App. 5 (a); acc. sg. 2, 24; dat. pi. tairgillib
1,3; later f. nom. sg. in tairgilli 3d (B gloss), in tairgill(n)e App. 6 (g); gen.
pi. (or gen. sg. ?) na tairgille 3a (B gloss),
tairiden f. water-course, millrace gen. sg. tairidne 11.
tairsce n. (?) trespass acc. sg. 3.
tanaise second as subst. m. second swarm; acc. sg. 20, 21.
tarb m. bull, drone (?) gen. pi. tola tarb abundance of drones (?) 25a (B gloss).
In cpd. tarbsaithe second (lit. bull) swarm 20b (B gloss).
212
INDEX OF IRISH WORDS
tech : see dech
techtae lawful nom. sg. 46; dat. sg. fern, techtai 46, 47; as subst. n. dues nom.
sg. techte 54; ace. sg. techtae 24, 25. Cf. etechtae 28.
tecmallad m. collection dat. sg. 8.
teol m. theft dat. sg. 54. See note to foda-rothlae 50.
tetechtae : see do-etet.
tideal bunch of corn-stalks (?) App. 6 (e).
timgaire n. demand 6° (B gloss).
tir n. land, holding nom. sg. 18, 42; acc. sg. 2, 13, 13, 44, 45, 45; dat. sg. 12, 37,
43; gen sg. tire 3, 9, 12, 17, 38, 44.
to-beir puts, gives pres. ind. pass, -tabarr 54, pret. to-bert 33, -tubart 32 (for which
see Introd. p. 14).
to-coislea absconds 3 pi. pres. ind. rel. to-choislet 39.
tongid swears 3 sg. pres. subj. tois 45c (B gloss).
torad n. fruit, produce, nectar, honey nom. sg. 20, 21, 44; acc. sg. 12, 12, 12, 12,
17; gen. sg. toraid 8, 17, 41, 42, 46; in cpd. letorad (leth-thorad) nom. sg.
45 ; acc. sg. 45.
treb f. house, household dat. sg. treib 50, gen. sg. trebe 51.
tuaslucud m. releasing (of bees) nom. sg. 36.
tuistiu f. begetting, origin gen. sg. tuisten 5, 44.
ua m. grandson, tertiary swarm App. 4 (c). See note to bliadain a sil 5.
uasal noble in cpd. uasalnemid 36, huasalneimthiu 52. See neined.
uathath n. small number, few in legal phrase uathath con-oirg fri sochaidi 24.